**TL;DR – the Jewish state ≠ Jewish leadership, the Jewish people, or Judaism** The Jewish state must be isolated from the Jewish people. Ethnic nations of any form are debatably harmful, regardless of their origins. Barghouti has [advocated](https://books.google.com/books?id=odEO0JqAuzMC&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q&f=false) for Jewish leadership (along with Palestinian—or any other democratically-elected group) within a one-state governmental system. Israel, although _the_ Jewish state, is, naturally, representative of _Israel_, not the world's Jewish population. Antisemitism comes from religious intolerance; Zionism is not inherent to the Jewish religion, [formulated](https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/zionism) slightly more than a century ago after nearly 4000 years of Judaism as a religion. Many diasporic populations (notably, [Haredim](https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/haredim-charedim/), the majority of whom are fundamentally opposed to a Jewish ethnostate) oppose the Israeli state while remaining attached to Judaism itself (myself included). Furthermore, a [majority of American Jews](https://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/) oppose the continued expansion of Israel through (illegal) settlements. Hovering at around half (give or take 10% depending on the year) of Israelis themselves [do not approve](https://news.gallup.com/poll/246218/corruption-allegations-fail-dent-netanyahu-popularity.aspx) of the Israeli government and while they are not necessarily opposed to Israel fundamentally, BDS's primary cause is, as well, to oppose current actions by the Israeli government. Ultimately, BDS's qualms, along with many anti-Zionists', are purely political and areligious, and thus cannot be conflated with antisemitism.